This dark musical satire was composed at the Neopolitan court of the Angevin king Charles I, whose misrule was the cause of the “Sicilian Vespers” uprising of 1282 and whose nephew, Adam’s patron Robert of Artois, had left the Arrageois to the mercy of a brutal urban elite. Finally, I examine how Adam de la Halle of Arras enacted the political discontents and clameurs of his fellow townspeople, as well as those of Palermo, in the Jeu de Robin et de Marion. I then turn to the rough textual remains that undergird Domesday Book, the massive survey of William the Conqueror’s English realm, in order to show how individual scribes, monasteries, and groups of townspeople used that documentary process to express their resistance to the Norman conquest and its brutal aftermath. ![]() On the contrary, I argue that Dhuoda’s extensive citation of patristic authors, her frequent denigration of her own powers, and her pointed references to scripture are all rhetorical ricks that enable her to communicate complex, often coded messages to her son – and yet to ensure that these subversions of authority would be veiled from scrutiny even if her writings were read aloud and discussed by other denizens of Charles the Bald’s court (where William was a hostage for the good behavior of his feckless father, Bernard of Septimania). 824-844) for her son, William, which has invariably been read as a submissive text supportive of patriarchy and piety. I begin with the handbook composed by the Carolingian noblewoman Dhuoda (fl. Three case studies will provide a deeper temporal context to this workshop by exploring the ways that men and women were empowered to challenge authority through a variety of media and in different milieus prior to 1300. ![]() ![]() KEYNOTE: Documenting Dissent before 1300: Three Case Studies in Diverse Media Session 1 – Diverse media of ‘free-speech’ Carol Symes
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